Mastering the extensive and diverse areas of knowledge within a field as broad as neuroscience is a formidable task. It is even more difficult to draw on that knowledge, relate it to a clinical setting, and apply it to the context of the individual patient. To gain these skills, the student learns best with good models, appropriate guidance by experienced teachers, and inspiration toward self-directed, diligent reading. Clearly, there is no replacement for education at the bench. Even with accurate knowledge of the basic science, the application of that knowledge is not always easy. Thus, this collection of patient cases is designed to simulate the clinical approach and stress the clinical relevance to the neurosciences. However, it should also be remembered that, although we often talk about basic research as going "from bench to bedside", it is actually the inquisitiveness and insight and hypotheses of the clinician that drives basic researchers to ponder certain questions at the bench. Hence the pathway of "bedside-to-bench" is equally as powerful. It is that pathway that we hope this book might also stimulate among its readers.