We appreciate all the kind remarks and suggestions from the many medical students over the past 5 years. Your positive reception has been an incredible encouragement, especially in light of the short life of the Case Files^® series. In this second edition of Case Files^®: Neuroscience, the basic format of the book has been retained. Improvements were made in updating many of the chapters including a new case correlation section, in which related cases are referenced to allow the student to review other neurobiological concepts or disease concepts. A new case of subarachnoid hemorrhage has been added. Expanded neuroscience pearls with clinical points highlighting common material covered in the USMLE step 1 have been included. The multiple-choice questions have been carefully reviewed and rewritten to ensure that they comply with the National Board and USMLE format. Through this second edition, we hope that the reader will continue to enjoy learning diagnosis and management through the simulated clinical cases. It certainly is a privilege to be teachers for so many enthusiastic and receptive students, and it is with humility that we present this second edition.